Anti-Fraud Policy

For End-Users

Table of Contents:

  1. Introduction
  2. Definitions
  3. Policy
  4. Severity, Strike Policy and Account Blocking
  5. Withholding Royalties (“Escrow”) for blocked accounts
  6. Takedowns

Introduction

For the purpose of this Policy, the “End User” will be the person or legal entity that has entered into a contractual relationship with Us, accepting the Terms of Use and providing content that will be made available on Digital Streaming Platforms (or DSP). "We" or "Us" are the providers of the service, MUSIC RAILS.

This Anti-Fraud Policy sets a course of action for the End Users of our platform and services, and defines the actions taken and consequences of Fraudulent behaviour.

Specifically, the purpose of this Policy is to provide:

  • A clear definition of what we mean by “Fraud”.
  • A definitive statement to take the distance of fraudulent activity in all its forms.
  • A summary to the End User’s responsibilities in avoiding fraudulent activities.
  • Guidance to all parties involved as to action which should be taken when we, the DSP or any other third party suspect any fraudulent activity.
  • Clear guidance as to responsibilities for conducting investigations into fraud-related activities.
  • Protection to right holders in circumstances where they may be victimized as a consequence of fraudulent activities.

This document is intended to provide guidance and should be read in conjunction with:

  • The Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Use

Definitions

End User: Is the person or legal entity that has entered into a contractual relationship with MUSIC RAILS for the use of the platform, accepting the Terms of Use and providing content that will be made available on DSP.

End User Account: Accounts owned and/or created by End Users.

DSP: Digital Streaming Platforms (such as Spotify, Apple Music, Tidal, etc.) or any other channel connected to Us by a contractual relationship.

MDFS: Monetization through Digital Fingerprinting Systems (i.e. YouTube Content ID, Facebook Rights Manager, among others).

Fraud: Any activity contrary to the Law, the DSP Policies and/or our own. Particularly, but non-exclusively, we will categorize as Fraud the following activities:

  • The unauthorized exploitation of material protected by Copyright (Copyright Infringement).
  • The infringement of any Law that regulates the ownership of legal right holders.
  • The use of (misleading) artist, band or label names or artwork which may create confusion or false expectations related to content which is served to consumers by DSP (i.e., Musical Spam and Misleading Content).
  • The use of automated digital bots or other means to “click” on payment-generating links pretending to be consumers (i.e., Click Fraud), producing unnatural and fraudulent incomes.
  • The upload of distorted music, silenced songs, or with any other deceptive features, also to generate revenues and other unauthorized activities which are in breach with the Terms of Use and/or the agreements we have with DSP.
  • The use of manual or automated resources, bots or any other means with the intention to stream and monetize DSP content in violation with DSP terms and conditions.
  • The use of manual or automated resources, bots or any other means to unlawfully monetise content through MDFS.

Royalties: Economic income/revenue that corresponds to the original(s) rightsholder(s). We differentiate between “legitimate royalties” which are the result of an actual and rightful exploitation of any content, and “illegitimate royalties” which are the result of any fraudulent exploitation or activity that generates illicit and unrightful income.

Strike: A Strike is a severity applied to any account that violates our Anti-Fraud Policy. They are separated into three tiers (Strike 1, 2 and 3), from lowest to highest severity respectively, and applied cumulatively. However, according to the impact of the violation, the highest severity shall be directly applied.

Policy

Fraud in all its forms is wrong and is unacceptable to us. This is because when fraud occurs:

  • It is not just a loss to us and the DSP, but ultimately to other content creators, damaging their copyrights, reputation or reducing the royalty pool which is made available by the DSP to content creators.
  • It may have a major impact on our reputation, our contracts with DSP and therefore again on other End Users using our Services.

Our objective is to avoid and, if necessary, eliminate fraudulent usage of our Services. Any indications of fraud will be rigorously investigated and dealt with in a firm and controlled way.

  • What DMS are doing about it

    Most DSP use a mix of algorithms and human resources to scan their catalog to avoid potential fraud or unauthorized and artificial streams and abusive use of their service. Once they have identified fraudulent activity they take down the content and inform us about the case, reserving the right to withhold from future payments the amounts previously generated through suspicious activities.

  • What we are doing about it

    We are actively taking action in the following fields:

    • We are automatically monitoring (historic) sales data to combine this with other information (i.e., artist profiles, End User information, social media, etc.), to detect possible irregular activity.
    • Our entire back catalog and all new tracks are fingerprinted and matched against several databases to avoid multiple uploads of the same song, uploads of “white noise”, “empty songs”, “copyrighted materials” and, in general, any unauthorized activity.
    • Our Quality Control (QC) processes are designed to track down the use of metadata that could potentially result in Musical Spam and Misleading Content or any other type of fraudulent activity.

  • How we deal with suspected Fraud

    • In case we detect or have suspicions of any unauthorized activity (including bot-generated streams, click fraud, music spam, abusive usage of MDFS, etc.) from a specific End User Account, we will warn the End User via our Strike Policy System, which may ultimately result in blocking of the involved End User Account.
    • Revenues received in connection with content that we believe, in our sole discretion, violate the Terms of Use, can be blocked and retained.

  • The consequences of Fraudulent use of our Platform or Services

    • If an End User is deemed breaching the Terms of Use, we will have the right to terminate the contractual relationship.
    • Any amounts due to an End User from any DSP derived from any fraudulent or unauthorized use of the service may be recouped by withholding such amounts from future payments due to that same End User.
    • To the extent any fraudulent and/or infringing activities are determined to be caused by the End User’s actions, the End User may be held responsible for any costs incurred by us or our providers (including legal fees and expenses) in connection therewith. These costs, in addition to other remedies, may be deducted by Us from any future payments due to an End User.

Severity, Strike Policy and Blocking of Accounts

  • Severity

    Either during our QC processes, the sales confirmation process or through notifications received from DSP and/or third parties, we may detect issues of possible fraudulent content or Accounts.

    Once possible fraudulent content or Accounts are detected, a strike will be applied and the End User Account may be blocked in the following cases, divided into 4 severity tiers, which we consider very severe:

    • F0: Critical issues related to an End User Account
    • F1: Issues related to Click Fraud, Misleading, Musical Spam and/or Artificial Streams
    • F2: Issues related to Copyright, Intellectual Property or Trademark
    • F3: Issues related to Abusive Usage of MDFS

    F0: Critical issues related to an End User Account

    Particularly, but non-exclusively, we will categorize as F0 the following:

    • An End User Account profile contains fake or deliberately incomplete information or unauthorized content and/or information that belongs to a third party.
    • Repeated, inconsistent IP activity versus declared country or address of origin on any given End User Account.
    • End Users, when required to present documents of any kind, send falsifications and/or deceptive, suspicious documents.
    • Any other signs that any End User is deliberately trying to avoid a correct identification or validation of identity or address.
    • Any End User account generating royalties without having any detailed profile information in “My account” page.

    F1: Critical issues related to Click Fraud, Misleading, Musical Spam and/or Artificial Streams

    Particularly, but non-exclusively, we will categorize as F1 the following activities:

    • An Account contains releases from unknown artists which are generating a considerable number of streams (Click Fraud) or views and subsequently, revenues in a short period of time without a minimum, credible fanbase to support it.
    • Any sudden, suspicious uplift in sales without corresponding numbers in profile views or social media activity to support it.
    • Any signs of intention to take advantage of well known artists’ names, song titles or other copyrighted audiovisual content to attract consumers to click (Misleading).
    • Hiring a Streaming/Followers Growth Service in order to generate artificial, unnatural, revenue and popularity.

    F2: Issues related to Copyright, Intellectual Property or Trademark

    Particularly, but non-exclusively, we will categorize as F2 the following activities:

    • Whenever an impersonation of any artist, recording company, unauthorized use of trademarks, distinctive signs, song or album titles, etc., is confirmed.
    • A release contains copyrighted material from a Rightsholder who did not grant publishing permission to the End User.
    • We received a content infringement notification from a DSP and/or any third party in relation to a content that has been sent to DSP.
    • We receive a direct infringement claim from the original Rightsholder or his/her representative.

    F3: Issues related to abusive usage of MDFS

    Particularly, but non-exclusively, we will categorize as F3 the following activities:

    • Insert of an own original content within or among a third party’s original copyrighted content, with the intention of taking advantage of such content’s popularity, in order to generate higher income.
    • Artificial Streams/Plays applied to abusive usage of MDFS cases (i.e. the use of bots to generate false plays of a monetized content).
    • Any sudden, suspicious uplift in sales related to MDFS, without proper historical consistency or plausible reason.

    In case we detect one or more of these issues in the content of an End User Account, the End User will receive a ticket or notice, indicating we have detected potential infringing or unauthorized activity and informing the End User about its consequences, described in our Strike Policy below.

  • Strike Policy

    In case We detect an F1, F2 and/or F3 issues in an End User Account, a strike is applied to the Account and additional actions from the End User may be required, such as:

    • Completing the information details in their “My Account” page.
    • Sending Us a copy of an identification document (passport or national ID).
    • In most cases, we also request artist profiles, website URLs, social media profiles, as well as any information from the artist in order to contrast this with the sales data.

    In case a strike is applied and the End User: a. deliberately ignores Our notice, b. refuses or cannot provide the requested information within 5 working days (counting from the day the notice is sent), c. the infringing or unauthorized activity is confirmed, a Strike will be applied to the End User Account, which will have the following consequences:

    STRIKE 1

    • End User is informed.
    • Takedown of questioned content.
    • Warning of royalty payment delay on 2nd strike and block on 3rd strike.

    STRIKE 2

    • End User is informed.
    • Takedown of questioned content.
    • Royalty payment delay: Any Royalty outpayment request will be processed with a delay of 3 months counting from the moment an outpayment is requested.
    • Warning that the account will be blocked and royalties will be kept in escrow if a 3rd strike is applied.

    STRIKE 3

    • End User is informed.
    • End User account is blocked.
    • The entire End User’s catalog will be taken down.
    • Legitimate royalties will be kept in escrow for a minimum of 24 months, and up to 5 years, in accordance with DSPs policies and the Spanish Civil Law. Illegitimate royalties will be returned to DSP.

  • Blocked Account Policy

    In case an End User repeatedly violates our Terms of Use, this Anti-Fraud Policy and/or the agreements we have with DSP, we can proceed to block the End User Account.

    This will have the following implications:

    • We may discontinue the contractual relationship with the End User.
    • The entire End User’s catalog will be taken down.
    • Blocked Accounts will not be able to access the platform and, therefore, enjoy our services.
    • Legitimate royalties are kept in escrow for a minimum of 24 months, and up to 5 years, in accordance with DSPs policies and the Spanish Civil Law, or until the dispute between claimant and claimed parties is solved.
    • In a context of a dispute, the disputing parties shall inform us about the result of the dispute, so we can determine what amounts should be returned to them, including incurred expenses or economic claims, penalties or compensations determined by Law. Once this process has concluded, and the escrow period has passed, any remaining funds will be released to be transferred to the End User (if claimed).

Withholding Royalties (“Escrow”) for blocked accounts:

Revenues in any End User Account that are received in connection with content that We believe, in our sole discretion, violate the Terms of Use may be blocked and withheld. The royalties will be held in escrow for a minimum of 24 months, and up to 5 years, in accordance with DSPs policies and the Spanish Civil Law or until the dispute between claimant and claimed parties is solved, in order to be able to respond in the following scenarios:

  • Illegitimate Royalties Refund: A claim from DSP is received, asking for a refund of the royalties in case any DSP deems the Royalties were generated through unauthorized or fraudulent activity. Please note that DSP contractually have the right to reclaim royalties during a timeframe of minimum 24 months, that is why we need to respect this minimum period as well.
  • Legitimate Royalties Refund: A claim from the legitimate rights holder is received, claiming the payout of the royalties that have been retained.

Takedowns

We will initiate takedowns of confirmed infringing content from End User Accounts, that is, all content that is involved in F0, F1, F2 and/or F3 issues.

Regarding F3 issues, despite the fact that only a part of the End User’s content is confirmed to be fraud related, We, at our sole discretion, may initiate takedowns for the End User’s entire catalog.

However, please also note that any content may be marked as suspicious by DSP at their sole discretion and may be taken down.

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